The ball, at the top of your femur thighbone is called the femoral head. The socket, called the acetabulum, is a part of your pelvis. The ball moves in the socket, allowing your leg to rotate and move forward, backward and sideways.
In a healthy hip, soft-tissue called cartilage covers the ball and the socket to help them glide together smoothly. If this cartilage gets worn down or damaged, the bones scrape together and become rough. This condition, osteoarthritis , causes pain and restricts motion. An arthritic hip can make it painful to walk or even to get in or out of a chair. If you have been diagnosed with hip arthritis, you may not need surgery.
But, if these efforts do not relieve symptoms, you should consult an orthopedic surgeon. The most common type of hip replacement surgery is called a total hip replacement also called total hip arthroplasty.
In this surgery, worn-out or damaged sections of your hip are replaced with artificial implants. The socket is replaced with a durable plastic cup, which may or may not also include a titanium metal shell. Your femoral head will be removed and replaced with a ball made from ceramic or a metal alloy. The new ball is attached to a metal stem that is inserted into the top of your femur. Learn more about types of hip implants.
Two other types of hip replacement surgeries are each generally appropriate for patients of specific age groups and activity levels:. X-ray of a total hip replacement showing the ball, socket and stem implants. To begin the operation, the hip replacement surgeon will make incisions on either the back posterior or front anterior of the hip.
Both approaches offer pain relief and improvement in walking and movement within weeks of surgery. There are certain steps patients can take both before and after surgery to improve recovery time and results. It is important to follow the instructions and guidance provided by your orthopedic surgeon, medical team and rehabilitation therapist.
As with any surgical procedure, there are some risks during and after a hip replacement:. In very, very rare cases of bone surgery, particularly procedures using cement, an embolism blockage can occur if fat from the bone marrow enters the bloodstream. A fat embolism can raise the risk of a heart attack or stroke. There may be other risks depending on your medical condition. Be sure to discuss any concerns with your doctor before the procedure and ask which risks are highest for you.
Your hip implant may wear out or loosen over time. It might also become damaged if you have an injury or dislocation. You may need a revision surgery to replace the damaged parts of the prosthesis. Most hip prostheses last 20 years or longer. You might be able to extend the life of your implant by doing regular low impact exercise, avoiding high impact exercise such as jogging and taking precautions to avoid falls.
A rare risk of hip replacement is infection, which can happen if bacteria circulating in the bloodstream get caught in the prosthetic pieces. An infection may require a revision surgery to remove the infected tissues, and a course of antibiotics to kill the bacteria.
When the infection is gone, a new prosthetic can be put back in. If you had a partial hip replacement only the ball part of the joint , you may need a revision down the road to replace the socket as well. Health Home Treatments, Tests and Therapies. What is a hip replacement? Who can benefit from a hip replacement? Your doctor may recommend hip replacement if you have significant pain, inflammation and damage to your hip joint due to conditions such as: Osteoarthritis most common Rheumatoid arthritis Osteonecrosis avascular necrosis Injury such as hip fracture Tumor in the hip joint.
How do you know if you need a hip replacement? Signs of declining quality of life include: Inability to get restful sleep because of pain Difficulty doing simple tasks such as getting dressed or climbing stairs Inability to fully participate in the activities you enjoy At first, your doctor may recommend other treatments such as medicine for pain or inflammation, walking aids, joint injections and physical therapy.
Types of Hip Replacement Surgery Several factors help determine the type of hip replacement you may need. Total and Partial Hip Replacement: Which parts need to be replaced? Three common ways to access the hip joint are: From the front anterior approach to hip replacement From the side lateral approach to hip replacement From the back posterior approach to hip replacement.
Approaches to Hip Replacement Surgery Dr. Savya Thakkar. Minimally Invasive Hip Replacement Minimally invasive hip replacement aims to minimize the impact of surgery on healthy tissues, such as muscles and blood vessels. This approach may have advantages, such as: Lower risk of muscle damage Less pain Quicker and easier recovery Less limping Shorter hospital stay Lower chance of hip dislocation Minimally invasive hip replacement is not appropriate for all patients.
Traditional Hip Replacement A traditional hip replacement includes a single, large incision that helps the surgeon gain access to the hip, usually through the side lateral approach or from the back posterior approach.
Talk with your orthopaedic hip surgeon to discuss which surgical approach may be best for you. Discussing the Best Approach With Your Doctor The surgical approach your doctor will recommend depends on several factors, including how the surgeon will gain access to the hip, the type and style of the implant and how it will be attached, and your age and activity level, and the shape and health of the hip bones.
Hip and Knee Replacement at Johns Hopkins The Johns Hopkins hip and knee replacement program features a team of orthopaedic specialist highly skilled in joint replacement procedures. Total hip arthroplasty. Total hip replacement. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Hip replacement. Mayo Clinic; Complications of total hip arthroplasty.
Evans JT, et al. How long does a hip replacement last? A systematic review and meta-analysis of case series and national registry reports with more than 15 years of follow-up. The Lancet. Deep vein thrombosis. Guay J, et al. Nerve blocks or no nerve blocks for pain control after elective hip replacement arthroplasty surgery in adults Review. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Office of Patient Education Center.
Total hip replacement surgery. Morrow, ES. Allscripts EPSi. Basics In-Depth. What is it? Points To Remember About Hip Replacement Surgery Hip replacement surgery removes damaged or diseased parts of a hip joint and replaces them with new, artificial parts. The goals of hip replacement surgery are to relieve pain, help the hip joint work better, and help you move better.
Hip replacement may be needed because of diseases such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or osteonecrosis, or because of broken bones from trauma or disease. Getting ready for surgery begins several weeks or more before the surgery.
You can do many things to prepare yourself and your home for life after surgery. How long it takes you to recover from surgery depends on several factors, including your overall health. After returning home, it is important to take steps to prevent falls. What is hip replacement surgery? The goals of hip replacement surgery include: Relieve pain from the damaged or diseased hip joint. Improve the way the hip joint works. Help you move better. Why do people need it?
Why do people need hip replacement surgery? Hip replacement surgery is usually needed to repair damage to the hip joint from: Osteoarthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis. Injuries or broken bones from trauma or disease. Your doctor may recommend that you try other treatments before having hip replacement surgery, including: Pain medications. Physical therapy and exercise programs. Activity changes to limit strain on your hip. Assistive devices such as a cane, crutch, or walker.
How do I prepare for it? How do I prepare for hip replacement surgery? Here are some things you can do to help you prepare for surgery and recovery: Speak with your surgeon and other health care team members about what to expect.
Request written information when possible so that you can review it later if needed. Ask your surgeon about exercises you can do before surgery to help you get stronger.
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