Bole V. Rebec Ppres. Bootstrapping the Hausman test in panel data models. Commun Stat Simul Comput. Linking high parity and maternal and child mortality: what is the impact of lower health services coverage among higher order births? BMC Public Health. The impact of recent policy changes on fertility, abortion, and contraceptive use in Romania Stud Fam Plann ;26 2 — Working Papers In Economics Online.
Institute G. Making abortion services accessible in the wake of legal reforms: a framework of six case studies. New York Guttmacher Institute; A situation analysis of the menstrual regulation Programme in Bangladesh. Reproductive Health Matters. Safe abortion : technical and policy guidance for health systems Geneva: World Health Organization Medical abortion: a path to safe, high-quality abortion care in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Download references. The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. All authors participated in designing the study and developing a hypothesis. SM extracted the data and analyzed and interpreted the data.
AM supported the data analysis and the interpretation and writing the manuscript. Professor AK involved in the design of the study, checking the dataset, and interpreted the data. All authors involved in writing the manuscript and proofreading and revising it for the journal submission. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Correspondence to Su Mon Latt. Not applicable. All data collection and analysis were performed at the country level. No patients were involved at any stage of the study.
There was no ethical approval requirement for this study according to the Human Ethics Advisory Group of the University of Melbourne. The views expressed herein are those of the author s and may not reflect the views of The University of Melbourne or the United Nations Population Funds.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Table summarizing the specific reasons for legal abortion for each flexibility score.
This table describes a summary for the specific reasons allowed for legal abortions in each flexibility score 0—7. DOCX 50 kb. Glossary and Definitions. DOCX 33 kb. Maternal Mortality Ratios Mean and the flexibility score of abortion laws Mean score in the sample countries, — Description of Data: The table summarizes the average score for abortion laws and average maternal mortality ratios for each sample country from to DOCX 37 kb.
The list provides the name of 24 Latin-America and Caribbean countries which has been excluded to conduct sensitivity analysis. DOCX 35 kb. Reprints and Permissions. Latt, S. Abortion laws reform may reduce maternal mortality: an ecological study in countries. BMC Women's Health 19, 1 Download citation. Received : 19 February Accepted : 25 December Published : 05 January Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.
Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Abstract Background Unsafe abortion is one of the commonest causes of maternal mortality. Method We conducted an ecological study to assess the association between abortion laws and maternal mortality in countries between and Conclusion This study provides evidence that abortion law reform in countries with restricted abortion laws may reduce maternal mortality.
Background Maternal mortality remains a global challenge, despite efforts to achieve Sustainable Development Goals SDGs three of reducing maternal mortality. Methods All data were at an aggregate level by country and year. Definition of variables Information on the source, definition, and completeness of data for the exposure, outcome and covariates are available in Additional file 1 : Table S1. Exposure variable The exposure of interest was the flexibility of abortion laws in each country for each year.
Outcome variable The outcome was maternal mortality ratio MMR , which is the number of maternal deaths per , live births [ 1 ] Refer to Additional files 1 , 2 , 3 and 4. Other covariates Data on potential confounders were also extracted from the United Nation Population Division database [ 17 ] and the World Bank database [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Table 1 Data sources and Definitions Full size table. Table 4 The association between flexibility of abortion laws and maternal mortality ratio after adjusting for GDP per capita and time trends, — Full size table.
Discussion In this large ecological study of abortion law and maternal mortality, we found that MMR decreased as a country increased its flexibility score. Conclusion In conclusion, our study demonstrates that maternal mortality is lower when abortion laws are less restrictive. References 1. Article Google Scholar 3.
Google Scholar 4. PubMed Google Scholar 5. Article Google Scholar 8. Google Scholar 9. Article Google Scholar Google Scholar Chapter Google Scholar CD ] Acknowledgements Not applicable Funding There is no funding source applicable for this research work. Consent for publication Not applicable.
View author publications. Ethics declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate Not applicable. Additional files. Additional file 1: Table summarizing the specific reasons for legal abortion for each flexibility score. Additional file 2: Glossary and Definitions. Additional file 3: Maternal Mortality Ratios Mean and the flexibility score of abortion laws Mean score in the sample countries, — About this article.
Cite this article Latt, S. Copy to clipboard. Contact us Submission enquiries: bmcwomenshealth biomedcentral. The majority of abortions in took place early in gestation: In , Source: MMWR. Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link.
Reproductive Health. Section Navigation. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. Minus Related Pages. When did CDC abortion surveillance start? How does CDC define abortion? Are states required to report their abortion statistics to CDC? How is the report prepared and formatted? How is the Abortion Surveillance Report used? This report is used for many purposes in the field of public health, including to: Identify characteristics of women who are at high risk of unintended pregnancy Evaluate the success of programs aimed at preventing unintended pregnancies Calculate pregnancy rates, on the basis of the number of pregnancies ending in abortion, in conjunction with birth data and pregnancy loss estimates Monitor changes in clinical practice patterns related to abortion, such as changes in the types of procedures used and weeks of gestation at the time of abortion Calculate the national legal induced abortion case-fatality rate Surveillance systems, such as this one, continue to provide data necessary to examine trends in public health.
Oberman noticed that federal prosecutors in El Salvador visited hospitals and encouraged doctors to report to authorities any women who were suspected of self-inducing their abortions. When the reports rolled in, however, Oberman found that they were all from public hospitals.
Oberman says women have been charged in this way, and about 36 have been charged with homicide and sentenced. Fewer than five of the , she estimates, were actual abortions. Read: Illegal abortion will mean abortion by mail. Certainly the experiences of some countries suggest that self-induced abortions can be dangerous in their own right. Most women there buy misoprostol—a WhatsApp group has started up to help in the process—but those who are further along in their pregnancies or who have more money might visit an illegal abortion clinic.
If women are hospitalized, they can be reported to the police by their doctors. About abortion-related criminal cases were registered against Brazilian women in What I know is that women put their lives at risk buying medicine on the clandestine market, not knowing how to use it, and going to a hospital because of complications. Compare this picture with the situation in Ireland, which only repealed its abortion ban this past May, though the procedure remains illegal in Northern Ireland.
Others would order abortion pills from Women on Web , a Canada-based service that ships the pills to women in countries where abortion is illegal. More rarely, women there would attempt to induce a miscarriage by using herbs and teas. Unlike women in Brazil, however, Irish women had good outcomes using the Women on Web pills. In a study Aiken conducted in of 1, self-managed abortions, 95 percent were able to end their pregnancies without surgical interventions, and just 3 percent required a blood transfusion or antibiotics.
There were no deaths.
0コメント